Well, one of the most complex and largest experimental tools in the world is the Large Hadron Collider. This was the first experiment to find the Higgs boson, which is a particle responsible for giving other particles mass. So I would say the Higgs boson has been the most complicated thing to find (so far).
That would be the theory of everything! The theory that will bring together gravity and quantum physics. Anyone who finds that will be covered in Nobel prizes.
At any moment in history there will be that a single standout discovery or invention that really shines as a huge achievement at that time.
Currently the LHC is the single most complex experiment to probe the limits of particle theory but think how the invention of gunpowder has changed the world, or the telescope revolutionised astronomy, or mathematical theory changed science and everything we do, or the invention of written language.
None of these things could happen overnight and many of their components are completely useless until they were put together!
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